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Understanding the nutrients in H2O Overdrive™ and their essential importance in
hydration, rehydration and recovery.C - (Ascorbic
acid) plays an important role
in the utilization of the amino acids that are essential in muscular growth and development. Vitamin C is also essential in
the formation of collagen and other fibrous tissue. Collagen is the main supportive protein of skin, tendon, teeth, bone,
cartilage and connective tissue. Vitamin C speeds the repair of broken down tissue, supporting faster recuperation of the
muscle fiber and supportive tissue.
B5 - (Pantothenic acid) is known as an essential co-enzyme for many if not all biochemical reactions involving amino
acids (the building blocks of protein). Vitamin B6 is essential in the body’s utilization of fats and carbohydrates.
Without B6, energy cannot be produced in the body’s cells. B6 is involved in more bodily functions than any other single
nutrient. It affects both mental and physical healthB3 - (Niacin) is also of major importance is assisting in cellular respiration and in the cells utilization
of nutrients. Niacin also acts as a mild vasodilator, which means it increases the diameter of the blood vessels and increases
the blood flow. B3 aids in proper circulation and assists in the function of the nervous system. Vitamin B3 is also essential
for the utilization of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. B6 – (Pyridoxine) performs a wide variety of functions in your body and is essential for your good health and
is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is essential for red blood cell metabolism and also
helps maintain your blood glucose (blood sugar level). A – vitamin A acts as an antioxidant, and is essential in protein utilization as
protein cannot be utilized by the body without vitamin A.D – acts much like a hormone, in so much as it is directly involved in
regulating the function of specific organs. It is important in the function of the thyroid and pituitary glands, with one
of its most vital and primary functions being to enhance intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are very important
minerals. E - is a fat soluble vitamin, which research has indicated as a powerful antioxidant that is important in the integrity
of muscle tissue. B2 - (Riboflavin) is essential for cellular respiration and is vital for the utilization of protein, fats and
carbohydrates by the body.B1 - (Thiamine) is one of the co-enzymes that help keep your energy levels high and
is needed for normal muscle tone and function as well as being essential in carbohydrate metabolism, circulation and blood
formation. B9 – (Folic acid) is also known as folate, it is necessary for the synthesis of RNA and DNA, which are responsible
for cell reproduction and formation. Folic acid is needed for energy production and the formation of red blood cells and is
actively involved in protein synthesis. B12 - (Cyanocobalamin) is necessary for proper digestion, protein synthesis, the utilization
of carbohydrates and fats as well as it assists in cellular production and cellular longevity. Calcium - is vital in the formation
and maintenance of our bones and is very important in the maintenance of a regular heartbeat and nerve impulses, it is also
essential to muscle growth and contraction and is necessary for the prevention of muscle cramps and is an essential mineral
in the clotting of blood. Sodium - is vital in the utilization of nutrients and cellular metabolism. It is necessary for the maintenance
of proper blood pH, and proper water balance in the body. Sodium is vital in the control of muscle cramps and spasms. It is
one of the vital nutrients (electrolytes) lost during exercise and strenuous workloads through sweat.Potassium - is one of the most
abundant minerals in the human body. Many cellular enzyme systems rely on potassium. Muscular contraction is one of the most
vital. Potassium is necessary for a normal heart rhythm and stable blood pressure. Potassium is also another vital nutrient
(electrolyte) that is lost through sweat during exercise or sports.Magnesium - is needed for almost all cellular chemical reactions; this mineral is vital for regulating
cell metabolism and is vital to enzyme activity. Your muscles require a correct balance of magnesium in order to function
properly. Zinc - is an important co factor in at least 45 different enzyme systems. To athletes one of the most important of these systems
is protein synthesis. Zinc is necessary for cell growth and rapid proliferation. High protein diets and increased muscle workload
increase the body’s need for zinc. Copper - is essential in the formation of red blood cells, bone, hemoglobin and elastin and is instrumental
in the healing process and in energy production. Biotin - is essential for the synthesis of proteins and fatty acids and in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Iodine - is a trace
mineral that plays an important role in good health; in its formation with thyroxine (a thyroid hormone) it regulates the
body’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Iodine also plays an important role in the metabolism of excess fat. Manganese - is essential
for strong connective tissue and is needed for fat and protein metabolism, as well as regulation of your blood sugar (blood
glucose) levels and in energy production. Chromium - is necessary for the utilization of protein and in nutrient transmission and is involved in
the metabolism of glucose and is needed in the production of energy. Selenium - is a very powerful antioxidant that prevents the formation of free radicals, which can cause
damage to the body. Selenium also holds an essential role in maintaining muscle integrity. Molybdenum - is essential to our
well-being; however it is a very rare trace mineral that is necessary for nitrogen (protein) metabolism and it also promotes
normal cellular function. Taurine – is the
abundant sulfur-containing β-amino acid in brain where it exerts a neuroprotective effect, it is an L-chain amino acid that is essential as a major building block for all proteins in the body – it is the
principle free intracellular (inside the cells) amino acid in human and animal tissues – found in extremely high amounts
in the brain and in myocardium, skeletal and smooth muscle. Taurine besides its use in cognitive response and mental alertness
has extreme anti-oxidant activity. If you understand physiology you will understand that is one of the primary reasons it
is in our formulation, as one if its most vital functions is its ability to scavenge the reactive oxygen species hypochlorite
– which is generated in neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) during respiratory burst activity (which is what happens
during exercise and strenuous activity). This scavenging activity protects the body against collateral tissue damage and helps
resist oxidative stress related damage as well by protecting our bodies white blood cells. building block in all amino acids. Research has shown its role in elevating
mood, mental alertness, reaction time as well as its importance in osmoregulation (the balancing of water and mineral salts
in the blood). It is also necessary for the proper digestion of food and in the absorption of vitamins and plays a vital role
in the digestion of fat. Additionally, taurnine is a veryAlthough it is known that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates taurine transport, the regulation of taurine
transport have not been clarified yet. So to suggest any different is irresponsible and inaccurate. Taurine transport into
six brain regions of equithesin-anesthetized rats was studied by the in situ brain perfusion technique. This technique gives
both accurate measurements of cerebrovascular amino acid transport and allows complete control of the perfusate amino acid
composition. Final wash procedure showed that taurine efflux occurred rapidly from endothelial cells. (Endothelium - the layer of epithelial cells that lines the cavities of the heart and of the blood and lymph vessels and the serous cavities of the body, originating from the mesoderm. Mesoderm is the middle of the three germ
layers, gives rise to the musculoskeletal, blood, vascular and urinogenital systems, to connective
tissue (including that of dermis) and contributes to some glands.) The taurine influx into endothelial
cells was sodium and chloride dependent suggesting that the sodium and chloride gradients are the principal source of energy
for taurine transport into endothelial cells. Taurine transport could be fitted by a model with saturable components. Further
studies do indicate that though the BBB may mediate or regulate taurine’s entry into the bloodstream proper that in
fact though - taurine does indeed cross the BBB. Suggesting that taurine’s effectiveness is not dependant on being able
to pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) – but more in line with being mediated (as most nutrients are) - as is so evidenced
in numerous scientific studies and clinical trials, which also show support of sodium and other electrolytes useful in the
transmission of taurine.Arginine - is an essential L-chain amino acid that helps the body retain more nitrogen – and nitrogen
plays a vital role in muscle synthesis. Arginine has also shown substantial support of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) the body’s
natural healing and recovery process.Glycine - is an L-chain amino that is the third amino acid in the chain of formation for glutathione.
Glycine retards muscle degeneration by supplying additional creatine to the muscles.BCAA’s: Branch
chain amino acids are the essential amino acids Leucine, Iso-leucine and Valine and research has shown their importance in
protecting the muscles through prolonged workouts or strenuous workloads as well as their role in protein synthesis, protecting
against muscle protein degradation and in supporting cognitive response and mental alertness.Leucine - is an essential amino
acid that lowers elevated blood sugar levels and aids in the healing of bones, skin, muscle fiber and tissue. Leucine comprises
eight percent of all body proteins. It stimulates protein synthesis and insulin secretion from the pancreas (which in turn
stimulates the entrance of amino acids into the muscle tissue).Iso-leucine - is an essential amino acid that is needed for hemoglobin formation and also assists in stabilizing
and regulating blood sugar and energy levels.Valine - is an essential L-chain amino acid that is essential for the body’s hydrogen and nitrogen balances.
It is vital for proper muscle metabolism and for proper tissue repair and growth.Betaine- is necessary for adequate absorption of protein,
calcium, vitamin B12 and also plays an important role in the health of the cardiovascular system. Choline - is an important vitamin
for cognitive clarity and is essential for the maintenance of a sharp, alert mind and memory. Choline is also important in
supporting the reduction of bodyfat. Inositol - like choline is another B complex factor and supports thermogenesis, the body’s own natural
fat burning process. Caffeine - has many specific benefits for various types of athletics, our focus is on enhanced physical
and mental performance. Research has indicated that caffeine can improve the endurance in sports like cycling, running, and
other endurance events. Caffeine has also shown to decrease fatigue and increase mental acuity. Some may question the
use of caffeine in energy / hydration beverages or not fully understand the rational for including it as an ingredient in
H2O Overdrive™. Though this subject is less controversial among professional athletes it has been
aired in the public forum and to that point we direct your attention to specific research that has established caffeine’s
place and role in athletics, energy and performance. Glycogen is the principle fuel for muscles, but fat is the most abundant
resource that the body can use for energy, however it is not the “first choice” the body makes in selecting a
fuel source – wherein caffeine, when it is consumed – the caffeine enters the body and forces the working muscles
to utilize as much fat as possible thereby delaying the immediate depletion of glycogen – which allows for better endurance
(hence – longer term energy). Scientific studies have shown that caffeine use before or during exercise can reduce
the loss of glycogen by fifty percent. Additional studies have shown that consuming caffeine can actual increase the total
“output” by as much as 7%. One such study on 9 trained athletes performing a 2 hour endurance test cycling showed
that by consuming caffeine that athletes were able to increase their total output during the duration of the test supporting
the positive physiological impact of using caffeine in endurance activities. Further studies indicate the positive effects
of caffeine on mental focus through caffeine’s stimulation of the central nervous system. Keeping in perspective that
H2O Overdrive™ contains only as much caffeine as a single cup of coffee – in a precision
balance to the other nutrients in our formulation, you can more easily see the reason, application and rational for caffeine
in our formula. Whereas other products contain more massive amounts of caffeine which can cause the “talked about”
adverse and unwanted effects. This underscores the importance of a balanced and well research formula and an understanding
of human performance and physiology in seeking out the optimal in hydration and rehydration drinks. Reference Studies include:Effects of Ingesting Protein with Various Forms of Carbohydrates Following Resistance Exercise
– Kreider, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2007 Nov; 12 (4):18 Effects
of Liquid Carbohydrate/Essential Amino Acid Ingestion On Acute Hormone Response – Bird, et al.Nutrition
2006 April; 22 (4):367-75 Influence of Differing Macronutrient Intakes on
Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis After Resistance Exercise – Roy et al.J Appl Physiol 1998 Mar; 84 (3):890-6 Postexercise Protein-Carbohydrate Supplements Increase Glycogen in Men and Women – Tarnopolsky et al.J Appl Physiol 1997
Dec; 83(6):1877-83 Carbohydrate-Protein
Complex Increases the Rate of Muscle Glycogen Storage After Exercise – Zawadzki et al.J Appl Physiol 1992 ; 72:1854-1859 Passage of taurine into adult mammalian brain. Urquhart N, Perry TL, Hansen S, Kennedy J. Journal of Neurochemistry 1974 May;22(5):871-2.
Sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of taurine
at the blood-brain barrier. Tsuji
A, Tamai I. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1996;403:385-91. The effects of systemically administered taurine and N-pivaloyltaurine on striatal extracellular
dopamine and taurine in freely moving rats. Salimäki J, Scriba G, Piepponen TP, Rautolahti N, Ahtee L. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 2003 Aug;368(2):134-41.
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